Nominative
je – I
tu – you (friendly, informal form)
il– he
elle – she
nous -we
vous – you (plural, e.g.: you all; polite, formal form, both in the singular and the plural)
ils – they (masculine, or masculine and feminine at the same time)
elles – they (feminine)
Nominative forms are used before the verb as in English (e.g.: je vais – I go, tu lis – you read, nous prenons – we take). These forms are not used alone!
Je loses the e before a word beginning with a vowel, and takes the form j’: je + aime = j’aime – I love.
The stressed forms of nominative personal pronouns are used alone:
moi – I
toi – you (friendly, informal form)
lui – he
elle – she
nous -we
vous – you (plural, e.g.: you all; polite, formal form, both in the singular and the plural)
eux – they (masculine, or masculine and feminine at the same time)
elles – they (feminine)
Ee.g. Qui habite ici? – Moi. – Who lives here? – Me.
These stressed forms can come before the whole structure if the pronoun is stressed: Moi, je travaille (It is me who am working).
Accusative
me – me
te – you (friendly, informal form)
le – him
la – her
nous -us
vous – you (plural, e.g.: you all; polite, formal form, both in the singular and the plural)
les – them
Me, te, le, la lose the last letter (e or a) before a word beginning with a vowel, and they take the forms m’, t’, l’.
Examples:
Je t’aime (I love you).
Il les déteste (He hates them).
Ils nous visitent (They visit us).
Dative
me – (to) me
te – (to) you (friendly, informal form)
lui – (to) him, (to) her
nous– (to) us
vous– (to) you (plural, e.g.: you all; polite, formal form, both in the singular and the plural)
leur– (to) them
Examples: Il me donne le journal (He gives the newspaper to me ). Nous leur écrivons (We write to them).
Reflexive
me – myself
te – yourself (friendly, informal form)
se – himself, herself, itself
nous – ourselves
vous – yourselves; yourself/yourselves (polite, formal form, both in the singular and the plural)
se – themselves
These pronouns are mostly used with reflexive verbs. The subject of reflexive verbs is the same as their (direct) object. These verbs are used together with reflexive pronouns. In English these verbs are usually used without a reflexive pronoun.
Example: Je me lave (I wash [implying “myself”, not something or someone else)
There are reflexive verbs that use the reflexive pronouns although they do not really have a reflexive meaning, e.g. s’occuper (to deal with):
Je m’occupe de mon chien (I deal with my dog).
These forms of reflexive pronouns are used with a reflexive verb even if the verb has another argument as a direct object. E.g.: I wash my hands – “my hands” is a direct object, and the action has an effect on the subject itself (the possessive adjective “my” refers to this fact). So, in this case we could say “Je me lave” (I wash – myself) or “Je lave les mains” (I wash my hands). But more likely we would use a reflexive pronoun instead of the possessive adjective:
Example: Je me lave les mains (I wash my hands). ( = Je me lave + Je lave mes mains.)
Accusative and dative forms with the imperative
The forms me and te are not used with a verb in the imperative. Moi and toi are used instead. In the imperative the personal pronouns are connected to the verb with a hyphen:
Regarde-moi (look at me). Regarde-le (look at him). Regarde-la (look at her). Regarde-nous (look at us). Lavez-vous (wash [yourselves]). Regarde-les (look at them).
Donne-moi le livre (give the book to me). Donne-lui le livre (give the book to him). Donne-nous le livre (give the book to us). Donnons-vous le livre (let’s give the book to you). Donne-leur le livre (give the book to them).